If you are are storing base grains in a relatively cool and dry place with not a lot of humidity, grains will last you several months without losing any efficiency (even if they are milled). Storage conditions is key, and air tight containers are a must for prolonged grain life. Specialty grains will last even longer.
Here's a great little audio blurb about it from Bob Hanson from Briess Malt. Skip to the 5:20 mark.
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